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50 MCQs on Equality (NCERT Class 11 Chapter 3)

Master NCERT Class 11 Political Science Ch3 with 50 MCQs. Explanations & correct answers in dark green. Ideal for exam prep & self-assessment.
50 MCQs on Equality (NCERT Class 11 Chapter 3)
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50 MCQs on Equality

Welcome! This comprehensive set of 50 multiple-choice questions covers all aspects of equality as outlined in NCERT Class 11 Political Science, Chapter 3. Each question is followed by a detailed explanation to help you solidify your understanding. Use these MCQs to test your knowledge, identify areas for revision, and boost your exam readiness. Best of luck!

1. Which of the following is NOT a dimension of equality?

  • a) Political equality
  • b) Social equality
  • c) Cultural equality
  • d) Economic equality
Economic equality is a recognized dimension alongside political and social equality.

2. Political equality primarily guarantees:

  • a) Right to vote and freedom of expression
  • b) Equal distribution of wealth
  • c) Equal access to healthcare
  • d) Abolition of private property
Political equality secures legal rights such as voting and free speech.

3. Social equality demands:

  • a) Identical treatment in all circumstances
  • b) Equal access to education and healthcare
  • c) Equal economic outcomes
  • d) Minimal state intervention
Social equality focuses on fair access to core social goods.

4. Which ideology argues that the free market and competition are the fairest allocative mechanisms?

  • a) Liberalism
  • b) Socialism
  • c) Feminism
  • d) Marxism
Liberals uphold open competition as the most just method.

5. The principle of affirmative action is justified to:

  • a) Enforce absolute equality of outcomes
  • b) Correct cumulative disadvantages of marginalized groups
  • c) Abolish private property
  • d) Prohibit all differential treatment
Affirmative action is a time-bound measure to redress past inequalities.

6. Which article of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability?

  • a) Article 14
  • b) Article 16
  • c) Article 17
  • d) Article 19
Article 17 abolishes untouchability.

7. Differential treatment to ensure equal rights is known as:

  • a) Special or differential treatment
  • b) Identical treatment
  • c) Reverse discrimination
  • d) Legal uniformity
Differential treatment can be necessary to achieve substantive equality.

8. Which thinker distinguished natural from socially-produced inequalities?

  • a) Karl Marx
  • b) Modern political theorists
  • c) Adam Smith
  • d) John Rawls
Contemporary theorists differentiate natural vs. social inequalities.

9. The main aim of feminism in equality debates is to:

  • a) Promote private property rights
  • b) Eliminate gendered division of labour
  • c) Abolish all gender differences
  • d) Advocate state control of economy
Feminism challenges patriarchal divisions and seeks gender equality.

10. Which statement best defines legal equality?

  • a) Identical treatment by law regardless of birth
  • b) Equal material outcomes
  • c) Special privileges for some groups
  • d) State-controlled economy
Legal equality means identical legal rights for all.

11. “Level playing field” refers to:

  • a) Economic redistribution
  • b) Ensuring equal opportunities
  • c) Eliminating all competition
  • d) Special legal privileges
Equal opportunity allows fair competition.

12. Which example illustrates justified differential treatment?

  • a) Same exam schedule for all
  • b) No reservations ever
  • c) Ramps for the disabled
  • d) Equal seats for all in professional courses
Ramps ensure persons with disability can access buildings.

13. Which group did Rammanohar Lohia identify as needing simultaneous struggle?

  • a) Only economic classes
  • b) Five kinds including gender and caste
  • c) Political elites
  • d) Intellectuals only
Lohia’s Sapta Kranti included five inequalities.

14. Which is NOT an aim of affirmative action?

  • a) Temporary support
  • b) Permanent quotas for all
  • c) Scholarships for deprived
  • d) Hostels and facilities
Affirmative action is time-bound and corrective, not permanent quotas.

15. Which fact sheet highlights global inequality?

  • a) Census of India 2011
  • b) UNDP Human Development Report
  • c) NSSO 55th round
  • d) Election Commission data
UNDP report provides global inequality data.

16. All India average graduates per 1,000 in urban India is approximately:

  • a) 47
  • b) 86
  • c) 155
  • d) 253
All-India urban graduate average is 155 per 1,000.

17. Which of these is a natural inequality?

  • a) Difference in innate talent
  • b) Caste discrimination
  • c) Gender roles enforced by society
  • d) Reservation policy
Natural inequalities stem from innate abilities.

18. Which is an example of social inequality?

  • a) Innate intelligence
  • b) Height difference
  • c) Unequal access to education
  • d) Genetic disorders
Social inequalities arise from differential access to opportunities.

19. Which ideology supports public control of key resources?

  • a) Liberalism
  • b) Socialism
  • c) Libertarianism
  • d) Conservatism
Socialists favor government regulation of essential sectors.

20. Which is NOT a right under political equality?

  • a) Freedom of belief
  • b) Freedom of association
  • c) Right to property
  • d) Right to taxation
Right to taxation is not an individual political right.

21. Which concept refers to treating everyone identically by law?

  • a) Differential treatment
  • b) Positive discrimination
  • c) Formal equality
  • d) Equity
Formal equality means identical legal treatment.

22. Which measure is an example of affirmative action?

  • a) Abolishing quotas
  • b) Uniform exam timings
  • c) Reserved seats for SC/ST
  • d) Free market pricing
Reservation of seats corrects historical disadvantages.

23. Which article prohibits discrimination on ground of religion?

  • a) Article 14
  • b) Article 15
  • c) Article 15(1)
  • d) Article 19
Article 15 prohibits discrimination on various grounds.

24. Which principle opposes special privileges for any group?

  • a) Affirmative action
  • b) Equity
  • c) Differential treatment
  • d) Identical treatment
Identical treatment rejects group-based privileges.

25. Which contemporary issue challenges both liberty and equality?

  • a) Unemployment
  • b) Housing shortages
  • c) Digital data collection and surveillance
  • d) Traffic congestion
Mass surveillance raises questions on rights vs. security.

26. Which slogan was used in the French Revolution?

  • a) Peace, Love, Equality
  • b) Liberté, égalité, fraternité
  • c) Freedom and Justice
  • d) Workers of the world, unite!
“Liberté, égalité, fraternité” highlights early equality ideal.

27. Which term refers to freedom from interference?

  • a) Positive liberty
  • b) Negative liberty
  • c) Economic liberty
  • d) Social liberty
Negative liberty means absence of external constraints.

28. Who is known for “two concepts of liberty” distinction?

  • a) Karl Marx
  • b) John Locke
  • c) Isaiah Berlin
  • d) Edmund Burke
Berlin contrasted positive vs. negative liberty.

29. Which inequality did colonial masters justify by “natural difference”?

  • a) Gender inequality
  • b) Racial inequality
  • c) Economic inequality
  • d) Age inequality
Colonial racism was justified by alleged natural inferiority.

30. Which provision allows the state to impose emergency on financial grounds?

  • a) Article 352
  • b) Article 356
  • c) Article 360
  • d) Article 368
Article 360 deals with Financial Emergency.

31. Which is a common critique of reservations?

  • a) Reverse discrimination
  • b) Affirmative action
  • c) Equity
  • d) Formal equality
Detractors call quotas reverse discrimination.

32. Which is an example of a social custom hindering equality?

  • a) Legal fraternity
  • b) Restrictions on women’s inheritance
  • c) Universal suffrage
  • d) Minimum wage laws
Customs like inheritance restrictions limit women’s rights.

33. Which device helps disabled people overcome natural inequality?

  • a) Electric cars
  • b) Mobile phones
  • c) Artificial limbs
  • d) Satellite TV
Artificial limbs assist the disabled in daily activities.

34. Which thinker argued private property entrenches inequality?

  • a) John Stuart Mill
  • b) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  • c) Karl Marx
  • d) Thomas Hobbes
Marx linked property to class power and inequality.

35. Which policy did Canadian government enact post-WWII to shape demographics?

  • a) Encouraged European migration
  • b) Banned senior citizens
  • c) Reserved all seats for natives
  • d) Abolished property rights
Canada invited Europeans between 1945–60 to boost population.

36. Which ensures equality before law?

  • a) Separate counters for groups
  • b) Special courts for minorities
  • c) Uniform legal provisions
  • d) Differential tax rates
Equality before law means same legal rules for all.

37. Which scenario violates equality?

  • a) Ramps for wheelchair users
  • b) Free education for all
  • c) Railway counter only for senior citizens
  • d) Voting rights for adults
Exclusive counters based on age create privilege.

38. Which is an example of natural inequality now overcome?

  • a) Gender roles
  • b) Age differences
  • c) Disability via assistive tech
  • d) Genetic traits
Technology helps disabled compete equally.

39. Which dimension addresses wealth gaps?

  • a) Political
  • b) Social
  • c) Economic
  • d) Cultural
Economic equality targets income and wealth disparities.

40. Which equality includes freedom of movement?

  • a) Political equality
  • b) Social equality
  • c) Economic equality
  • d) Cultural equality
Political equality guarantees movement and association.

41. Which ideology warns against entrenched privileges via quotas?

  • a) Socialism
  • b) Liberalism
  • c) Feminism
  • d) Marxism
Liberals caution that quotas may perpetuate privilege.

42. Which concept ensures minimum wage and nourishment?

  • a) Negative liberty
  • b) Social equality
  • c) Positive liberty
  • d) Political equality
Social equality demands basic conditions of life.

43. Which policy is time-bound by design?

  • a) Uniform legal rights
  • b) Affirmative action
  • c) Free market
  • d) Equal taxation
Affirmative measures are temporary to redress past injustices.

44. Which inequality data comes from Census 2011?

  • a) Urban–rural household amenities
  • b) Global income distribution
  • c) Graduate rates
  • d) UNDP report
Census 2011 gives rural–urban asset disparities.

45. Which statement is FALSE about equality?

  • a) Requires identical outcomes
  • b) Can involve differential treatment
  • c) Is a constitutional value
  • d) Includes legal rights
Equality need not enforce identical outcomes; differential treatment is valid.

46. Which revolution did Lohia add beyond the five inequalities?

  • a) Economic revolution
  • b) Educational revolution
  • c) Civil liberties and non-violence
  • d) Technological revolution
Lohia’s Sapta Kranti included civil liberties and non-violence.

47. Which is a direct result of untouchability abolition?

  • a) Special grants
  • b) Equal access to temples
  • c) Property reservations
  • d) Income redistribution
Abolishing untouchability allows equal public access.

48. Which criterion debates use to identify deprived groups?

  • a) Only economic
  • b) Only caste
  • c) Economic or social
  • d) Geographical only
Debates consider both economic and social criteria.

49. Which system did apartheid represent?

  • a) Social equality
  • b) Institutionalized discrimination
  • c) Affirmative action
  • d) Formal equality
Apartheid enforced racial privilege as part of social hierarchy.

50. The ultimate goal of pursuing equality is to:

  • a) Make everyone identical
  • b) Abolish competition
  • c) Ensure equal worth and opportunity
  • d) Enforce uniform wealth
Equality seeks to uphold equal worth and provide fair chances.

Best wishes for your exam and future endeavors!

“Equality is the soul of liberty; there is, in fact, no liberty without it.”
— Frances Wright