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Bricks, Beads and Bones: Uncovering the Harappan Legacy | Harappan Civilization Class 12 Notes

Complete NCERT Summary of Bricks, Beads and Bones (Harappan Civilization) – Class 12 History Theme 1 with maps, images and FAQs.
Bricks, Beads and Bones - Harappan Legacy
"Harappan Civilization was an advanced urban settlement that flourished between 6000 BCE and 1300 BCE, leaving behind an incredible legacy."
Harappan Civilization, Class 12 History Notes, NCERT History, Indus Valley, Ancient Civilisation

Harappan Civilization: An Ancient History

The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most advanced and well-planned urban cultures of ancient India.

Chronology of Harappan Civilization

  • Early Harappan (6000 BCE - 2600 BCE) - The formative phase of development.
  • Mature Harappan (2600 BCE - 1900 BCE) - The peak of urban growth.
  • Late Harappan (1900 BCE - 1300 BCE) - The decline phase of civilization.
"Mohenjodaro and Harappa were prime examples of an advanced and well-planned urban civilization!"

Key Features of Mohenjodaro

  • Citadel and Lower Town: The city was divided into two sections.
  • Great Bath: A large water tank possibly used for ritual bathing.
  • Warehouse: A structure used for storing grains and trading goods.

Economic Structure of Harappan Civilization

The Harappans were skilled in trade and agriculture. These were some of the major industries in their civilization:

Agriculture and Food

  • Crops: Wheat, barley, lentils, chickpeas, sesame, millet.
  • Animal Husbandry: Cows, buffaloes, goats, pigs.
  • Fishing: Consumption of fish and birds was also common.

Crafts and Handicrafts

  • Beads and Jewelry: Developed in specialized centers like Chanhudaro and Lothal.
  • Seals and Inscriptions: Featuring symbols and undeciphered script.
  • Copper and Bronze Tools: Used for weapons and agricultural equipment.

FAQs

When was the peak of Harappan Civilization?

The civilization reached its peak between 2600 BCE - 1900 BCE.

What was the most distinctive feature of Harappan cities?

Planned urban design, sanitation systems, and structured roads.

How was trade conducted in the Harappan Civilization?

Trade flourished through well-organized cities and maritime routes.

Is the Harappan script deciphered?

No, the Harappan script remains undeciphered.

Conclusion

The Harappan Civilization was one of the most advanced ancient cultures that showcased urban planning, trade systems, artistic brilliance, and social harmony. Though it disappeared with time, its influence is still evident in modern civilization.

"The Harappan Civilization was far ahead of its time and left behind an enduring legacy!"

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